Un article de recherche co-écrit par Patrice Laroche, Professeur Affilié de Gestion des Ressources Humaines à ESCP (Paris) et Président du comité scientifique de la Chaire Dialogue Social et Compétitivité des Entreprises, a été publié dans le numéro spécial anniversaire de l'une des principales revues académiques dans le champ des relations professionnelles.

Spécialiste du syndicalisme et des relations sociales en entreprise, Patrice Laroche a été Professeur invité notamment à Cornell University (Industrial and Labor Relations School), qui publie l'ILR Review depuis 70 ans.

Intitulé How Credible Is Trade Union Research? Forty Years of Evidence on the Monopoly–Voice Trade-Off (Quelle crédibilité accorder à la recherche sur le syndicalisme ? Quarante ans de preuves sur les dimensions "monopolistique" et "prise de parole" du syndicalisme), cet article s'inscrit dans le prolongement de son ouvrage co-écrit avec Hristos Doucouliagos et Richard B. Freeman, publié l'an passé - The Economics of Trade Union (L’analyse économique du syndicalisme) -, qui fait le point sur la littérature consacrée aux effets microéconomiques du syndicalisme et porte un regard critique sur les travaux empiriques existants.

« En effet, de nombreuses études empiriques ont été menées afin de tester les propositions théoriques de Richard B. Freeman et James L. Medoff énoncées en 1984 dans le grand classique What do Unions do? (Que font les syndicats ?) quant à l'effet "prise de parole" qu’induirait la présence syndicale dans les entreprises, explique-t-il. Or, ces différents travaux ont obtenu des résultats souvent contradictoires, notamment en raison du manque de puissance statistique de certaines études économétriques ».

A l'issue d’une synthèse critique et exhaustive de la littérature existante, Patrice Laroche et ses coauteurs considèrent néanmoins que l'effet prise de parole mis en exergue par Freeman & Medoff a permis d'élargir les débats sur les effets économiques du syndicalisme et indirectement, de renforcer la qualité globale des études scientifiques produites ultérieurement sur le sujet.

Chaire Dialogue social & compétitivité des entreprises

Campus

Paris
/* 01/10/2019 - EN */ /* jQuery dotdotdot 3.2.2 * @requires jQuery 1.7.0 or later * dotdotdot.frebsite.nl * Copyright (c) Fred Heusschen * License: CC-BY-NC-4.0 * http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ */ !function(t){"use strict";var e,i,n,s,o="dotdotdot",r="3.2.2";t[o]&&t[o].version>r||(t[o]=function(t,e){this.$dot=t,this.api=["getInstance","truncate","restore","destroy","watch","unwatch"],this.opts=e;var i=this.$dot.data(o);return i&&i.destroy(),this.init(),this.truncate(),this.opts.watch&&this.watch(),this},t[o].version=r,t[o].uniqueId=0,t[o].defaults={ellipsis:"… ",callback:function(t){},truncate:"word",tolerance:0,keep:null,watch:"window",height:null},t[o].prototype={init:function(){this.watchTimeout=null,this.watchInterval=null,this.uniqueId=t[o].uniqueId++,this.originalStyle=this.$dot.attr("style")||"",this.originalContent=this._getOriginalContent(),"break-word"!==this.$dot.css("word-wrap")&&this.$dot.css("word-wrap","break-word"),"nowrap"===this.$dot.css("white-space")&&this.$dot.css("white-space","normal"),null===this.opts.height&&(this.opts.height=this._getMaxHeight()),"string"==typeof this.opts.ellipsis&&(this.opts.ellipsis=document.createTextNode(this.opts.ellipsis))},getInstance:function(){return this},truncate:function(){this.$inner=this.$dot.wrapInner("
").children().css({display:"block",height:"auto",width:"auto",border:"none",padding:0,margin:0}),this.$inner.empty().append(this.originalContent.clone(!0)),this.maxHeight=this._getMaxHeight();var t=!1;return this._fits()||(t=!0,this._truncateToNode(this.$inner[0])),this.$dot[t?"addClass":"removeClass"](e.truncated),this.$inner.replaceWith(this.$inner.contents()),this.$inner=null,this.opts.callback.call(this.$dot[0],t),t},restore:function(){this.unwatch(),this.$dot.empty().append(this.originalContent).attr("style",this.originalStyle).removeClass(e.truncated)},destroy:function(){this.restore(),this.$dot.data(o,null)},watch:function(){var t=this;this.unwatch();var e={};"window"==this.opts.watch?s.on(n.resize+t.uniqueId,function(i){t.watchTimeout&&clearTimeout(t.watchTimeout),t.watchTimeout=setTimeout(function(){e=t._watchSizes(e,s,"width","height")},100)}):this.watchInterval=setInterval(function(){e=t._watchSizes(e,t.$dot,"innerWidth","innerHeight")},500)},unwatch:function(){s.off(n.resize+this.uniqueId),this.watchInterval&&clearInterval(this.watchInterval),this.watchTimeout&&clearTimeout(this.watchTimeout)},_api:function(){var e=this,i={};return t.each(this.api,function(t){var n=this;i[n]=function(){var t=e[n].apply(e,arguments);return void 0===t?i:t}}),i},_truncateToNode:function(i){var n=[],s=[];if(t(i).contents().each(function(){var i=t(this);if(!i.hasClass(e.keep)){var o=document.createComment("");i.replaceWith(o),s.push(this),n.push(o)}}),s.length){for(var o=0;o1)return void t(s[o-2]).remove();break}}for(var h=o;h");d.append(this.opts.ellipsis),t(a).replaceWith(d),this._fits()?d.replaceWith(a):(d.remove(),a=s[Math.max(0,o-1)])}1==a.nodeType?this._truncateToNode(a):this._truncateToWord(a)}},_truncateToWord:function(t){for(var e=t,i=this,n=this.__getTextContent(e),s=-1!==n.indexOf(" ")?" ":"　",o=n.split(s),r="",h=o.length;h>=0;h--)if(r=o.slice(0,h).join(s),i.__setTextContent(e,i._addEllipsis(r)),i._fits()){"letter"==i.opts.truncate&&(i.__setTextContent(e,o.slice(0,h+1).join(s)),i._truncateToLetter(e));break}},_truncateToLetter:function(t){for(var e=this,i=this.__getTextContent(t).split(""),n="",s=i.length;s>=0&&(!(n=i.slice(0,s).join("")).length||(e.__setTextContent(t,e._addEllipsis(n)),!e._fits()));s--);},_fits:function(){return this.$inner.innerHeight()<=this.maxHeight+this.opts.tolerance},_addEllipsis:function(e){for(var i=[" ","　",",",";",".","!","?"];t.inArray(e.slice(-1),i)>-1;)e=e.slice(0,-1);return e+=this.__getTextContent(this.opts.ellipsis)},_getOriginalContent:function(){var i=this;return this.$dot.find("script, style").addClass(e.keep),this.opts.keep&&this.$dot.find(this.opts.keep).addClass(e.keep),this.$dot.find("*").not("."+e.keep).add(this.$dot).contents().each(function(){var e=this,n=t(this);if(3==e.nodeType){if(""==t.trim(i.__getTextContent(e))){if(n.parent().is("table, thead, tbody, tfoot, tr, dl, ul, ol, video"))return void n.remove();if(n.prev().is("div, p, table, td, td, dt, dd, li"))return void n.remove();if(n.next().is("div, p, table, td, td, dt, dd, li"))return void n.remove();if(!n.prev().length)return void n.remove();if(!n.next().length)return void n.remove()}}else 8==e.nodeType&&n.remove()}),this.$dot.contents()},_getMaxHeight:function(){if("number"==typeof this.opts.height)return this.opts.height;for(var t=["maxHeight","height"],e=0,i=0;i0)for(s["@attributes"]={},a=0;a\-\&])/g,"\\$&"),(ignore?"gi":"g")),(typeof(str2)=="string")?str2.replace(/\$/g,"$$$$"):str2);} // Custom jquery function on ready jQuery(document).ready(function($) { // On ready //cta cookies if ( $('.cta-cookies-banner').length > 0 ) { $('.cta-cookies-banner').click(function(event) { event.preventDefault(); }); } config_dot(); formYears(); CorPdf(); formFinder(); cardWidth(); csFormfield(); viewMore(); hyphenisation(); captionImg(); loadList(); openAccordion(); scrollMember(); excellist(); poping(); $('.item-result:contains("Venture Formation and Performance: A Capability Configurational Approach")').remove(); // on page // On page if ($('.page-node-type-escp-media-room.page-media-room').length > 0) { $('#main-content .item-media-tool').after('

Press Review

'); excellist();} if ($('.page-node-type-escp-edito.page-type.faculty-page').length > 0) { loadFeed(); } if ($('.js-remove-time').length > 0) { jsRemove(); } // On resize $(window).on("resize", function(e) { cardWidth(); }); // On ajax complete $(document).ajaxComplete(function(event, request, settings) { config_dot(); cardWidth(); formBoxit(); formYears(); dataTimer(); formFinder(); $('.item-result:contains("Venture Formation and Performance: A Capability Configurational Approach")').remove(); }); // Coporate brochure in mega menu function CorPdf() { var link = $('.megamenu-inner a[href="http://www.escpeurope.eu/sites/default/files/PDF/Corporate-Brochure/Corporate-Brochure-ESCP-Europe-July-2018.pdf"]'), url = link.attr('href'); link.click(function() { window.open(url, '_blank'); return false; }); } // Config dot.dot.dot function config_dot() { $('.wrap-item .title-item').not('.main-title-1.h-color-white').dotdotdot({watch: true,heigth: null,}); $('.wrap-item .subtitle-item').dotdotdot({watch: true,heigth: null,}); $('.wrap-item .main-item .title-item-event').dotdotdot({watch: true,heigth: null,}); $('.conversation .wrap-item .text-item').dotdotdot({watch: true,heigth: null,}); $('.popup-toolkit.h-bg-blue-cello .text-item').dotdotdot({watch: true,heigth: null,}); } // Form news, events function formFinder() { var params_parts,button=" .main-cours-finder input.btn",btnForm=$(".path-news.list-actu-page"+button+", .path-events.list-event-page"+button+" , .path-press-releases"+button);btnForm.on("click",function(t){t.preventDefault();var n=[];$(".form-cours-finder select, .publication-listing select").each(function(){n.push($(this).attr("name"))});var a={};n.forEach(function(t){a[t]=function(t){var n=$("select[name="+t+"]").first();if(n){var a=n.val();return Array.isArray(a)?a.join("-"):a}}(t)});var e=[];Object.keys(a).forEach(function(t,n){a[t]&&e.push(t+"="+encodeURIComponent(a[t]))});var r=$(this).closest("form").attr("action"),o=($(this).closest("form").attr("data-page-url"),r+"?"+e.join("&"));if(!$("body").hasClass("page-node-type-technical-publication-listing")&&btnForm.hasClass("btn-fullwidth"))return faculty_parameters=e.join("&");window.location.href=o}); } // Border card-story News Events function cardWidth() { var CC = $('.card.card-stories .content-card, .conversation .card.card-slider .content-card').width(); var CCA = Math.ceil(CC); //setTimeout( function() { $('.card.card-stories .slick-list.draggable, .conversation .card.card-slider .slick-list.draggable').width(CCA); },1000); } //Custom form field function csFormfield() { $('.cs-formfield label.option').html(''); } // Form field year function formYears() { var $formYears = $('span[name="year"] .selectboxit-text').html(); if ($formYears === '' || $formYears === null) { $('span[name="year"] .selectboxit-text').text('All years'); } } // Select Box it function formBoxit() { $('.form-card select, .loadlist select').selectBoxIt({ autoWidth: false }); } // js remove function jsRemove(){var m=new Date;$(".js-remove-time").each(function(){var t=$(this),a=t.attr("data-time-remove"),e=t.attr("data-time-start"),i=t.attr("data-time-class");if(void 0!==a&&!1!==a){var s,r=(a=t.attr("data-time-remove").split(" "))[1];a=(s=(s=a[0].split("/"))[1]+"/"+s[0]+"/"+s[2])+" "+r,a=new Date(a)}if(void 0!==e&&!1!==e){var d,v=(e=t.attr("dats-time-start").split(" "))[1];e=(d=(d=e[0].split("/"))[1]+"/"+d[0]+"/"+d[2])+" "+v,e=new Date(e)}(a<=m||m<=e)&&(void 0!==i&&!1!==i?t.addClass(i):t.css("display","none"))})} // View more function viewMore() { $(".view-more").each(function(){var t=$(".cta-listing",this),i=$(this),s=$(".cssload-thecube",this),e=$(this).attr("vm-show"),h=$(this).attr("vm-slice"),a=$(this).attr("vm-display"),c=$("> [class*=item]",i).length;e=void 0!==e&&!1!==e?$(this).attr("vm-show"):5,h=void 0!==h&&!1!==h?$(this).attr("vm-slice"):5,a=void 0!==a&&!1!==a?$(this).attr("vm-display"):"block",$("> [class*=item]",i).slice(0,e).show().css("display",a),c<=e&&t.parent().hide(),t.on("click",function(e){e.preventDefault(),$(this).parent().hide(),s.show(),setTimeout(function(){$("> [class*=item]:hidden",i).slice(0,h).fadeIn().css("display",a),s.hide(),0===$("> [class*=item]:hidden",i).length?t.hide():t.parent().show()},2080)})}); } // Load custom content /* Helper */ function loadList() { var $pushlist=$(".loadlist");$pushlist.each(function(){$(this).addClass("is-loading");var t,a,i,s,n,o,e,l,d,r,c,f,u,h=$(this),m=($("form",h),h.attr("data-load")),p=jQuery.parseJSON(m),g=window.location.pathname.split("/")[1];if(-1!==jQuery.inArray(g,["fr","pl","it","es","de"]))var v="/"+g;else v="";if($.each(p,function(t,d){return"url"==t?a=d:"type"===t?i="/"+d:"cat"===t?s="category="+d:"catsearch"===t?n="categoryresearch="+d:"campus"==t?o="campus="+d:"lang"===t?e="language="+d:"targetid"===t?r="#"+d:"targetclass"===t?c="."+d.split(" ").join(", ."):"search"===t?l="q="+d.split(" ").join("+"):"col"===t?f=d:void 0}),void 0!==r&&(d=" "+r,void 0!==c&&(d+=" "+c)),void 0!==i){var b=[s,o,e,n,l].filter(Boolean);u=b.length>0?"?":"",t=v+i+u+b.join("&")}else t=v+a;function C(t,a){var i=$(".cta-listing",a),s=$(".cssload-thecube",a),n=$(".main-listing .grid",a);a.hasClass("slick")&&slideContent(a,t,f),i.on("click",function(o){o.preventDefault(),$(s).show(),$(i).hide();var e=$(this).attr("data-pager"),l=$(this).attr("data-items");$.ajax({url:t+"&page="+e,type:"GET",success:function(t){$(s).hide(),$(n).append($(t).find(".main-listing .grid").html()).ready(function(){void 0!==f&&$(".col-4_md-6_sm-12",a).each(function(){$(this).removeClass("col-4_md-6_sm-12").addClass(f)})}),e=parseInt(e)+1,$(i).attr("data-pager",e),$(".item-simple",a).length
'); $this.after('' + $attr + ''); }); } /* Timer */ function dataTimer() { $('.item-timer').each(function () { var $this = $(this); var finaldate = $this.attr('data-time-end'); $this.countdown(finaldate, function (e) { var content = $this.html(e.strftime('

%D

days

' + '

:

' + '

%H

hours

' + '

:

' + '

%M

min

' + '

:

' + '

%S

sec

')); }); }); } function feedPop() { var $itemP = $('.item-media-tool-article a'), $where = $('.wrap-content'), $Popcontainer = '
'; $where.prepend($Popcontainer); loadFeedinpop(); } function feedSuccess() { $("#theconversation .slider-feed").slick({infinite: false,arrows: false,dots: true,speed: 350,slidesToScroll: 1,autoplay: false,autoplaySpeed: 4000,adaptiveHeight: true,responsive: [{breakpoint: 768,settings: {slidesToShow: 1}}]}); $(".side-bar.conversation .content-card").after(''); feedPop(); cardWidth(); } function feedSuccess2() { $('#viewall').click( function(e) { var $dom = $('html, body'), $domW = $dom.width(); e.preventDefault(); $('.popup-toolkit').addClass('pop-show'); $dom.addClass('no-scroll').css('max-width', $domW); }); $('.btn-close-popup').click(function() { $('.popup-toolkit').removeClass('pop-show'); $('html, body').removeClass('no-scroll').removeAttr('style'); }); } function loadFeed() { $("#theconversation").rss("https://theconversation.com/institutions/escp-europe-813/articles.atom", { console :false, path: 'feed.entry', before : '
', template: '
{title}

News {date}

{author}

{title}

{summary}

', after : '
', limit: 4, offset : 0, dfpicture: '/sites/default/files/default_images/default-picture-news-md.jpg', success: function() { feedSuccess(); } }, ); } function loadFeedinpop() { $(".popup-inner").rss("https://theconversation.com/institutions/escp-europe-813/articles.atom",{console:!1,path:"feed.entry",before:'

Articles on The Conversation

',template:'
{title}

News {date}

{author}

{title}

{summary}

',after:'
View all articles
',limit:18,offset:0,dfpicture:"/sites/default/files/default_images/default-picture-news-md.jpg",success:function(){feedSuccess2()}}); } function slideContent(selectContent, $link, $col) { selectContent.each(function(s){var t=$(this);$(".js-tabs .loadlist.slick").length>0&&$(".tab-switcher .wrap-tab-switcher").on("click",function(){t.slick("setPosition")}),t.attr("data-pager","2"),t.wrap("
"),$(this).on("init",function(s){var t=$(".slide-item",$(this)).length,n='
No results found
';if("fr"===window.location.pathname.split("/")[1])n='
Aucun résultat
';if(0===t){n='
No results found
';$(this).parent(".single-slide").empty().append(n)}}),$(this).after('
').slick({dots:!1,infinite:!1,speed:300,autoplay:!1,slidesToShow:3,nextArrow:$(this).parent().find($(".controls-news-and-events .btn-next"))[s],prevArrow:$(this).parent().find($(".controls-news-and-events .btn-prev"))[s],slidesToScroll:3,responsive:[{breakpoint:1025,settings:{slidesToShow:2,slidesToScroll:2}},{breakpoint:769,settings:{slidesToShow:2,slidesToScroll:2}},{breakpoint:561,settings:{slidesToShow:1,slidesToScroll:1}}]}),$(this).on("afterChange",function(s,n,i){var e=n.$slides.length,l=i+n.options.slidesToScroll;e=8&&(t.addClass("is-loading"),t.next(".controls-news-and-events").addClass("is-loading"),$.ajax({url:$link+"&page="+o,type:"GET",success:function(s){var n=$(s).find(".main-listing .grid").html();null==n&&(t.addClass("no-more"),t.removeClass("is-loading"),t.next(".controls-news-and-events").removeClass("is-loading")),void 0!==$col&&(n=n.replaceAll("col-4_md-6_sm-12",$col)),t.slick("slickAdd",n),t.attr("data-pager",parseInt(o)+1),t.removeClass("is-loading"),t.next(".controls-news-and-events").removeClass("is-loading")}}))})}); } // Open accordion function openAccordion() { function getUrlParameter(t){t=t.replace(/[\[]/,"\\[").replace(/[\]]/,"\\]");var a=new RegExp("[\\?&]"+t+"=([^&#]*)").exec(location.search);return null===a?"":decodeURIComponent(a[1].replace(/\+/g," "))}if($(".js-open-tab").each(function(){$(this).click(function(t){if(1!==$(".ui-tabs-panel").find(this).length){t.preventDefault();var a=$(this).attr("href");$(".ui-tabs").tabs();return $(".js-tabs").find("ul li a[href='"+a+"']").trigger("click"),$("html, body").animate({scrollTop:$(".js-tabs").offset().top-59},360),!1}})}),$("[data-link-accordion]").each(function(){$(this).click(function(t){var a,e=$(this).attr("href"),c="#"+(a=(a=$(this).attr("data-link-accordion")).split(","))[0],n=a[1],i=parseInt(n)+parseInt(n)+1;if("/"===e.charAt(0)){t.preventDefault();var o=e.split("#")[0],r="#"+e.split("#")[1];window.location.href=o+"?acc="+a[0]+"&nacc="+a[1].trim()+r}else{if(1!==$(".ui-tabs-panel").find(this).length){var l=$(c).closest(".ui-tabs-panel").attr("id");$("a[href="+l+"]").click()}0!==n?setTimeout(function(){$("html, body").animate({scrollTop:$(c+" #ui-id-"+i).offset().top-59},360)},400):setTimeout(function(){$("html, body").animate({scrollTop:$(c).offset().top-59},360)},400),$(c).accordion({active:+n})}})}),window.location.search&&(0==$(".path-news").length||0==$(".path-news").length||0==$(".page-node-type-technical-publication-listing").length)){var urlParams=new URLSearchParams(window.location.search),acc="#"+getUrlParameter("acc"),nacc=getUrlParameter("nacc"),naccT=(naccT=parseInt(nacc))+naccT+1;"#"!==acc&&($(acc).accordion({active:+nacc}),$("html, body").animate({scrollTop:$(acc).offset().top-59},360))} } // ScrollTop faculty function scrollMember() { $(".page-node-type-escp-faculty .tab-switcher > ul > li").each(function(){$(this);$(this).on("click",function(t){if($(window).width()>1025)var i=-58;else i=-76;$("html, body").animate({scrollTop:$(".tab-switcher").offset().top+i},800,"swing")})}); } // Excel function excellist(){function t(e,n,r){if(void 0!==e&&!1!==e)var i=e;else i=$("[excel]");i.each(function(i){var o=$(this),s=o.attr("excel"),c=o.attr("sheet"),l=o.attr("template"),u=o.attr("cc"),d=o.attr("hn"),h=o.attr("dup-col"),f=o.attr("sort"),p=o.attr("upcoming"),v=o.attr("previous"),m=o.attr("empty"),x=o.attr("limit"),D=0,b=window.location.protocol+"//"+window.location.host+b;if(void 0!==e&&!1!==e||o.attr("aria-index","excel-"+i),void 0!==n&&!1!==n)D=n;if(void 0!==r&&!1!==r)x=r;var g=new XMLHttpRequest;g.open("GET",s,!0),g.responseType="arraybuffer",g.onload=function(e){var n=new Uint8Array(g.response),r=XLSX.read(n,{type:"array",cellDates:!0,cellNF:!1,cellText:!1}),s=XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json(r.Sheets[c],{header:"A",defval:""})[d],b=[];Object.keys(s).forEach(function(t){b.push(s[t])});var w,j,y,S,X,_,E,M=(M=XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json(r.Sheets[c],{header:b,cellDates:!0,dateNF:"DD/MM/YYYY",cellText:!1,raw:!1})).splice(parseInt(d)+1);void 0!==f&&!1!==f&&(M=a(M,f)),void 0!==p&&!1!==p&&(w=M,j=p,(y=new Date).setDate(y.getDate()-1),M=a(M=w.filter(function(t){return t=(t=(t=t[j]).split("/"))[1]+"/"+t[0]+"/"+t[2],(t=new Date(t))>y}),p,"DESC")),void 0!==v&&!1!==v&&(M=a(M=function(t,e){var a=new Date;return a.setDate(a.getDate()-1),t.filter(function(t){return t=(t=(t=t[e]).split("/"))[1]+"/"+t[0]+"/"+t[2],(t=new Date(t))=0){var i=$("#"+l).html(),o=Mustache.to_html(i,e);k.push(o)}}else{i=$("#"+l).html(),o=Mustache.to_html(i,e);k.push(o)}});var L=k.length,O='
';void 0!==x&&!1!==x&&0==D&&L>x&&(o.after(O),$(document).off("click",".press-btn").on("click",".press-btn",function(e){e.preventDefault();var a=$(this),n=a.attr("aria-index"),r=$('[excel][aria-index="'+n+'"]'),i=a.attr("data-pager"),o=r.attr("limit"),s=o*(i-1),c=o*i,l=a.attr("data-items"),u=$('[excel][aria-index="'+n+'"] > *').length,d=r.attr("limit");a.attr("data-pager",parseInt(i)+1),t(r,s,c),u+parseInt(d)>=l&&a.remove()})),void 0!==x&&!1!==x&&void 0!==D&&!1!==D&&(k=function(t,e,a){return t=t.slice(e,a)}(k,D,x)),o.append(k).promise().done(function(){$("[excel] .cell").each(function(){var t=$(this).html();t=t.replace("|","
"),$(this).html(t)})})},g.send()})}function e(t){var e=t.split("/");return 1*(e[2]+e[1]+e[0])}function a(t,a,n){return t.sort(function(t,r){return t=e(t[a]),r=e(r[a]),"DESC"===n?t>r?1:tr?-1:0})}$("[excel]").length>0&&$.when($.getScript("https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/xlsx/0.14.0/xlsx.full.min.js"),$.getScript("https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mustache.js/3.0.0/mustache.min.js"),$.Deferred(function(t){$(t.resolve)})).done(function(){t()})} //Youtube souncloud if ($('[playlist-youtube]').length > 0 || $('[playlist-soundcloud]').length > 0 ) { $.when( $.getScript( "https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/malihu-custom-scrollbar-plugin/3.1.5/jquery.mCustomScrollbar.min.js" ), $.getScript( "https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.11.4/jquery-ui.min.js" ), $.Deferred(function( deferred ){ $( deferred.resolve ); }) ).done(function(){ //$('head').append(''); youtube(); soundCloud(); }); } // Youtube function youtube() { var y_list=$("[playlist-youtube]"),y_key="AIzaSyAQlhYoXcbGNmazwKkx80xlLyXZF70oOT8",v_date="",v_Id="";y_list.each(function(){var t=$(this),a=t.attr("playlist-youtube"),e=t.attr("number"),i=t.attr("item"),s="";function d(s){var d=s;$.get("https://www.googleapis.com/youtube/v3/playlistItems",{part:"snippet",maxResults:e,order:"videoCount",pageToken:d,playlistId:a,key:y_key},function(s){s.pageInfo.totalResults;var d=$("[data-items]",t),l=$("[data-pager]",t);d.attr("data-items",s.pageInfo.totalResults),l.attr("data-pager",s.nextPageToken);$(".grid > div",t).length;s.pageInfo.totalResults<=e&&$(".bottom-listing button",t).remove(),$.each(s.items,function(e,s){!function(e){$.get("https://www.googleapis.com/youtube/v3/videos",{part:"snippet",id:e,key:y_key},function(s){var d=[];v_date=s.items[0].snippet.publishedAt,v_date=jQuery.datepicker.formatDate("dd/mm/yy",new Date(v_date)),v_title=s.items[0].snippet.title,v_descr=s.items[0].snippet.description,v_lang=s.items[0].snippet.defaultAudioLanguage,"fr"===v_lang||void 0===v_lang?v_lang="in French":"en-US"===v_lang&&(v_lang="in English"),s='
Published on '+v_date+'

'+v_title+'

['+v_lang+']
'+v_descr+"
",d.push(s),$(".grid",t).append(d),$(".desc-item ",t).mCustomScrollbar({verticalScroll:!0,scrollButtons:{enable:!1}})})}(v_Id=s.snippet.resourceId.videoId)})})}t.append('
'),d(s),$(".bottom-listing button",t).click(function(){s=$(this).attr("data-pager"),$(this).attr("data-loaded",parseInt($(this).attr("data-loaded"))+1),loaded=$(this).attr("data-loaded"),$(this).attr("data-items")<=loaded*e&&$(this).remove(),d(s)})}); } //soundcloud function soundCloud() { var s_list=$("[playlist-soundcloud]");s_list.each(function(){var t=$(this),l=t.attr("item"),s=t.attr("number"),u=t.attr("playlist-soundcloud");s_key="htuiRd1JP11Ww0X72T1C3g",null==s&&(s=3),soundcloud(u,t,s,l,1)}); } function soundcloud(play_list , s_this ,s_numb,s_item, p_number, btn) { var pF=s_numb*p_number,pD=s_numb*(p_number-1);if(!0!==btn)var result='
';else result="";$.getScript("https://connect.soundcloud.com/sdk/sdk-3.3.0.js",function(){SC.initialize({client_id:s_key}),SC.get("/playlists/"+play_list).then(function(s){var t=s.tracks.slice(pD,pF),e=s.permalink_url,i=s.track_count;t.forEach(function(s){var t=s.title,i=s.artwork_url,l=(s.stream_url,s_key,s.description),a=jQuery.datepicker.formatDate("dd/mm/yy",new Date(s.created_at)),c=(s.permalink_url,s.id),r=s.tag_list;s.waveform_url;if(i=null==i?"http://www.escpeurope.eu/sites/default/files/inline-images/Logos/logotype-ESCP-Europe-only.png":i.replace("-large","-t500x500"),r.toLowerCase().search(new RegExp("\\english\\b"))>=0)var o="English";else o="French";null!=l&&""!==l||(l="No description."),result+='
Published on '+a+'

'+t+'

[in '+o+']
'+l+"
"}),!0!==btn?(result+='
',s_this.append(result),$(".desc-item ",s_this).mCustomScrollbar({verticalScroll:!0,scrollButtons:{enable:!1}})):($(".main-listing .grid",s_this).append(result),$(".desc-item ",s_this).mCustomScrollbar({verticalScroll:!0,scrollButtons:{enable:!1}})),$(".cta-listing",s_this).one("click",function(){var s=$(this).attr("data-pager");$(this).attr("data-pager",parseInt(s)+1),soundcloud(play_list,s_this,s_numb,s_item,s,!0)}),$(".grid > div",s_this).length===i&&$(".cta-listing",s_this).remove()})}); } function poping() { var link=".js-popup-anchor",back='
',btnc=".js-close-popup",time=0,body=$("body"),js=$(".js-popup");js.each(function(){var a=$(this).find("iframe"),t=a.attr("src");a.length>0&&-1!==t.indexOf("youtube")&&(-1!==t.indexOf("?")?a.attr("src",t+"&enablejsapi=1"):a.attr("src",t+"?enablejsapi=1"))}),$(document).on("click",link,function(a){a.preventDefault();var t=$(this),e=t.attr("href"),s=$(e),l=t.attr("btn-bg-color"),o=t.attr("content-bg-color");null!=l&&void 0!=l||(l="#240085"),null!=o&&void 0!=o||(o="h-bg-white");var n='';body.addClass("no-scroll"),"wrapped"!=s.attr("aria-inner")&&s.wrapInner('
').attr("aria-inner","wrapped"),(s.hasClass("js-slide-right")||s.hasClass("js-slide-left"))&&s.addClass(o),0==$(".backdrop").length&&$("body").append(back),0==$(".js-close-popup",s).length&&s.prepend(n),"close"!=s.attr("aria-label")&&null!=s.attr("aria-label")&&void 0!=s.attr("aria-label")||(s.fadeIn(),s.attr("aria-label","open"))}),$(document).on("click",btnc,function(a){a.preventDefault();var t=$(this).attr("aria-controls"),e=$(t);$(t+" iframe").length>0&&$(t+" iframe")[0].contentWindow.postMessage('{"event":"command","func":"pauseVideo","args":""}',"*"),time=e.hasClass("js-slide-right")||e.hasClass("js-slide-left")?900:0,e.attr("aria-label","close"),e.stop(!0,!0).delay(time).fadeOut(100,function(){$("body .backdrop").remove(),$("body").removeClass("no-scroll")})}); } // End });