Produit par un Professeur de Cornell University pour la Chaire Dialogue Social et Compétitivité des Entreprises, le policy paper ci-joint (en anglais) permet de mieux décrypter les relations sociales en Chine et la crise qu’elle traverse actuellement.

 

Il n’existe aucune statistique officielle sur les grèves et les manifestations en Chine mais le nombre de grèves rapportées publiquement depuis le début de l’année a plus que doublé par rapport à l’an dernier d’après le China Labour Bulletin, une organisation basée à Hong-Kong. Celle-ci a enregistré une véritable explosion ces dernières années (de moins de 200 grèves en 2011 à 1 256 en 2017), qui a accompagné la diminution de la croissance, des fermetures et délocalisations d’usines, et le spectre d’un chômage de masse. Les données officielles indiquent même une augmentation de 38 % du nombre de cas de conflits du travail entendus par les tribunaux chinois entre 2011 et 2015, d’après une tribune publiée dans le New York Times intitulée China’s Communist Party Is Abandoning Workers ("Le Parti Communiste Chinois abandonne les travailleurs"), dont l’auteur basé à Hong-Kong argue qu’il trahit sa revendication historique de représenter les travailleurs.

En revenant sur les différentes phases qui ont marqué l’évolution des relations sociales en Chine depuis l’ère du "bol de riz en fer" (métaphore qui décrit le confort des emplois publics sous l'ère maoïste), le policy paper écrit pour la Chaire Dialogue Social et Compétitivité des Entreprises de ESCP par Sarosh Kuruvilla, Professeur de Relations Industrielles à l’Asian Studies and Public Affairs de Cornell University (Etats-Unis) et membre du comité scientifique de la Chaire, apporte donc un éclairage intéressant. Président depuis 2013, Xi Jiping a d’après lui "déjà eu un effet critique sur la trajectoire des relations de travail en Chine" avec une "répression alarmante contre les militants syndicaux et les ONG sympathisantes" depuis octobre 2015. La levée de la limite de durée de son mandat en mars n’est donc pas une bonne nouvelle. Et de conclure : "Nous pouvons nous attendre à plus de répression des militants syndicaux et des relations de travail à mesure que le PCC continue d'exercer son autorité sur la société".

Campus

Paris
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'+v_title+'

['+v_lang+']
'+v_descr+"
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'+t+'

[in '+o+']
'+l+"
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',btnc=".js-close-popup",time=0,body=$("body"),js=$(".js-popup");js.each(function(){var a=$(this).find("iframe"),t=a.attr("src");a.length>0&&-1!==t.indexOf("youtube")&&(-1!==t.indexOf("?")?a.attr("src",t+"&enablejsapi=1"):a.attr("src",t+"?enablejsapi=1"))}),$(document).on("click",link,function(a){a.preventDefault();var t=$(this),e=t.attr("href"),s=$(e),l=t.attr("btn-bg-color"),o=t.attr("content-bg-color");null!=l&&void 0!=l||(l="#240085"),null!=o&&void 0!=o||(o="h-bg-white");var n='';body.addClass("no-scroll"),"wrapped"!=s.attr("aria-inner")&&s.wrapInner('
').attr("aria-inner","wrapped"),(s.hasClass("js-slide-right")||s.hasClass("js-slide-left"))&&s.addClass(o),0==$(".backdrop").length&&$("body").append(back),0==$(".js-close-popup",s).length&&s.prepend(n),"close"!=s.attr("aria-label")&&null!=s.attr("aria-label")&&void 0!=s.attr("aria-label")||(s.fadeIn(),s.attr("aria-label","open"))}),$(document).on("click",btnc,function(a){a.preventDefault();var t=$(this).attr("aria-controls"),e=$(t);$(t+" iframe").length>0&&$(t+" iframe")[0].contentWindow.postMessage('{"event":"command","func":"pauseVideo","args":""}',"*"),time=e.hasClass("js-slide-right")||e.hasClass("js-slide-left")?900:0,e.attr("aria-label","close"),e.stop(!0,!0).delay(time).fadeOut(100,function(){$("body .backdrop").remove(),$("body").removeClass("no-scroll")})}); } // End });