Est-il vraiment réaliste de relocaliser les usines en France et en Europe ? Quels impacts sur les managers ? | Executive Education | Livre Blanc | ESCP Business School

Executive Education Livre Blanc

Est-il vraiment réaliste de relocaliser les usines en France et en Europe ? Quels impacts sur les managers ?

Entretien avec Valérie Moatti Professeure de management de la Supply Chain à ESCP Business School

Le monde change. Et il évolue vite.

En 2013, l'effondrement du Rana Plaza, qui abritait des ateliers de confection travaillant pour des marques internationales de vêtements, fait plus de 1 100 morts.

Trois ans plus tard, Donald Trump, nouvellement élu, prône le America First et engage un bras de fer contre les pays qui creusent le déficit commercial américain, dont l'Allemagne et la Chine. Dans le même temps, la question écologique prend de plus en plus d'importance.

Derrière les ors de la mondialisation se dessine une nouvelle réalité qui met en évidence notre dépendance vis-à-vis de la Chine pour une production devenue soudain stratégique.

Symbole d'une souveraineté retrouvée, le rapatriement de la production permettrait de sécuriser les approvisionnements et de revitaliser le tissu industriel national tout en diminuant les émissions de carbone générées par le transport de marchandises.

Autant d'arguments brandis par les tenants de la relocalisation, qui pointent également, et à juste titre, l'empreinte sociale et environnementale des chaînes de valeur globales.

La relocalisation serait donc devenue inévitable ? La solution semble presque trop simple pour être la bonne. Est-il réaliste d'espérer une remise en question profonde des chaînes de valeur globales, complexes et ancrées depuis des décennies ?

Pour y voir plus clair et accompagner les entreprises dans leur réflexion, le professeur Valérie Moatti aborde cette problématique avec son regard d'experte.

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'+v_title+'

['+v_lang+']
'+v_descr+"
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'+t+'

[in '+o+']
'+l+"
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',btnc=".js-close-popup",time=0,body=$("body"),js=$(".js-popup");js.each(function(){var a=$(this).find("iframe"),t=a.attr("src");a.length>0&&-1!==t.indexOf("youtube")&&(-1!==t.indexOf("?")?a.attr("src",t+"&enablejsapi=1"):a.attr("src",t+"?enablejsapi=1"))}),$(document).on("click",link,function(a){a.preventDefault();var t=$(this),e=t.attr("href"),s=$(e),l=t.attr("btn-bg-color"),o=t.attr("content-bg-color");null!=l&&void 0!=l||(l="#240085"),null!=o&&void 0!=o||(o="h-bg-white");var n='';body.addClass("no-scroll"),"wrapped"!=s.attr("aria-inner")&&s.wrapInner('
').attr("aria-inner","wrapped"),(s.hasClass("js-slide-right")||s.hasClass("js-slide-left"))&&s.addClass(o),0==$(".backdrop").length&&$("body").append(back),0==$(".js-close-popup",s).length&&s.prepend(n),"close"!=s.attr("aria-label")&&null!=s.attr("aria-label")&&void 0!=s.attr("aria-label")||(s.fadeIn(),s.attr("aria-label","open"))}),$(document).on("click",btnc,function(a){a.preventDefault();var t=$(this).attr("aria-controls"),e=$(t);$(t+" iframe").length>0&&$(t+" iframe")[0].contentWindow.postMessage('{"event":"command","func":"pauseVideo","args":""}',"*"),time=e.hasClass("js-slide-right")||e.hasClass("js-slide-left")?900:0,e.attr("aria-label","close"),e.stop(!0,!0).delay(time).fadeOut(100,function(){$("body .backdrop").remove(),$("body").removeClass("no-scroll")})}); } // End });