{"id":2006,"date":"2020-12-16T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-12-16T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/escp.eu\/thechoice\/?p=2006"},"modified":"2023-08-16T10:43:36","modified_gmt":"2023-08-16T08:43:36","slug":"with-big-data-comes-a-big-energy-impact","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/escp.eu\/thechoice\/tomorrow-choices\/with-big-data-comes-a-big-energy-impact\/","title":{"rendered":"With Big Data comes a Big Energy Impact"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>We have entered the era of Big Data. <mark>The volume of data exchanged around the world has <a href=\"https:\/\/www.delltechnologies.com\/content\/dam\/uwaem\/production-design-assets\/en\/gdpi\/assets\/infographics\/dell-gdpi-vb-key-findings-deck.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">increased by 569% between 2016 and 2018<\/a><\/mark>, and the trend is upward. This quantitative explosion of digital data is forcing us to review our orders of magnitude, the way we capture, analyze, store and present this data. It also represents a major environmental threat: creating, storing, processing and transporting this data requires huge amounts of energy and resources. \u201cAccording to estimates, <mark>new technologies alone account for 6 to 10% of the world\u2019s electrical consumption, and thus nearly 4% of greenhouse gas emissions<\/mark>,\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/news.cnrs.fr\/articles\/new-technologies-wasted-energies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">points out digital ecologist and research engineer Fran\u00e7oise Berthoud<\/a>. \u201cThis is a fast-growing trend, with annual increases of 5 to 7%.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To better understand the energy impact of big data and how companies can take this into account, Pre-Master students of the ESCP Master in Management programme &#8211; <strong><mark>Rom\u00e9o Bricout-Soto, Margaux Cantenot, Alice Cr\u00e9pin, Maxence Cuchet, Marin Czarnecki and L\u00e9o Enderlin<\/mark> <\/strong>&#8211; conducted a research study for the seminar \u201cDesigning Tomorrow &#8211; Business and Sustainability\u201d. This is a summary of their research, which earned them the first Designing Tomorrow Prize of the <a href=\"https:\/\/escp.eu\/faculty-research\/chairs-and-professorships\/circular-economy-sustainable-business-models-chair\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Deloitte Chair in Circular Economy and Sustainable Business Models<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Data consumes resources both because of its hardware and its use.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><mark>The manufacturing of devices such as smartphones and computers represents a very significant environmental cost<\/mark>. It is estimated that the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ademe.fr\/face-cachee-numerique\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">manufacture and transport of a 2-kilogram computer<\/a> uses 800 kilos of raw materials and releases 124 kilos of CO2 into the atmosphere. In addition, all electronic devices are composed of rare metals. The extraction of these rare metals requires the use of highly-polluting radioactive substances. For example, the Mountain Pass mine was closed in 1998 after thousands of liters of radioactive water were released into the environment. To summarize the situation and to quote Fran\u00e7oise Berthoud, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.santeperso.ch\/Ethique-et-Societe\/Pollution-la-face-cachee-des-Big-Data\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&#8220;more energy is used to extract these metals and manufacture the components than during the entire life of the product afterwards.&#8221;<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A distinction can be made between user and supplier environmental impacts in the use of data.&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><mark>The user impact is related to the number of consumers and the change in their habits<\/mark>. Today, it is accentuated by the widespread use of digital technology, with growing electricity consumption by individuals linked to the use of electronic devices. In 2016, France&#8217;s national electricity transmission system operator (RTE) estimated that the electricity consumption of terminal devices in homes (computers and audiovisual equipment) represents <a href=\"https:\/\/assets.rte-france.com\/prod\/public\/2020-06\/bp2016_synthese.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">22 TWh\/year<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition, the democratization of Internet access &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/wearesocial.com\/blog\/2020\/01\/digital-2020-3-8-billion-people-use-social-media\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">more than 60% of the world&#8217;s population uses the Internet<\/a> &#8211; goes hand in hand with the spread of services based on online storage through streaming offers such as Netflix, the billion emails sent every hour, or the expansion of cloud storage solutions.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The supplier impact, on the other hand, is linked to business strategies and the technological requirements related to the deployment of the services they offer.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/escp.eu\/thechoice\/wp-content\/uploads\/20200213_182736_hdr-e1607974712170.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2010\" width=\"800\" height=\"444\" srcset=\"https:\/\/escp.eu\/thechoice\/wp-content\/uploads\/20200213_182736_hdr-e1607974712170.jpg 800w, https:\/\/escp.eu\/thechoice\/wp-content\/uploads\/20200213_182736_hdr-e1607974712170-300x167.jpg 300w, https:\/\/escp.eu\/thechoice\/wp-content\/uploads\/20200213_182736_hdr-e1607974712170-768x426.jpg 768w, https:\/\/escp.eu\/thechoice\/wp-content\/uploads\/20200213_182736_hdr-e1607974712170-150x83.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The students upon receiving their award.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Today, data transmission and storage represent the most important challenge in limiting Big Data\u2019s energy impact.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Data transmission is becoming increasingly costly for the environment, as users demand faster exchanges and heavier data loads (increased video quality or encryption, for example). The increase in transfer speed, however, goes hand in hand with the increase in energy consumption. <a href=\"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2307636.2307658\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">It is estimated that<\/a> <mark>4G consumes 23 times more energy than Wi-Fi connections and even more, compared to 3G<\/mark>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cloud services rely on more than 200 data centers. The related power consumption is estimated at <a href=\"https:\/\/assets.rte-france.com\/prod\/public\/2020-06\/bp2016_synthese.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">3 TWh\/year<\/a> for each of them. This huge energy consumption is due to the fact that most of our electronic devices are running 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. They, therefore, require data to be available at all times. Data centers are in constant operation and the power supply for the servers and cooling systems consumes electricity. In addition, it is estimated that <mark>the energy used in data centers is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/23\/technology\/data-centers-waste-vast-amounts-of-energy-belying-industry-image.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">highly polluting<\/a><\/mark>, as a majority of it is produced by coal and gas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Companies have become aware of these limitations and are implementing strategies to reduce their energy consumption to benefit the environment and their operating costs.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>There are two strategies: <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">offsetting and reducing the energy footprint<\/span>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Adopted by Amazon Web Services, the first consists of offsetting the carbon emissions of the activity, by planting trees for example. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Since <mark>the cleanest energy is the energy you don&#8217;t consume<\/mark>, the second strategy addresses the root cause of the problem by reducing energy consumption. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.celeste.fr\/societe\/qui-sommes-nous\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Celeste<\/a> is an operator of new-generation data centers, which are very energy-efficient by market standards. Using natural air circulation to limit the use of air conditioning, the &#8220;Marylin&#8221; data center developed by this French business uses energy-efficient cooling methods. This technology reduces by 35% server energy consumption, which represents the main item in operating costs and, in some cases, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.planetoscope.com\/electronique\/230-energie-consommee-par-les-data-centers.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">more than 50% of the energy footprint<\/a>&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">While innovation and corporate responsibility seem to be moving in the right direction, changes are not fast enough to cope with the exponential increase in data flows, and therefore the amount of energy consumed.&nbsp;<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>It seems both necessary and urgent that <mark>the responsibility should not only lie with a few digital companies, but with society as a whole<\/mark> regarding its use of digital technology. We, as consumers, must adopt a more reasoned and conscious use of the resources on the Internet. Societies must include environmental sustainability in their global strategies, and States must establish a framework conducive to this change. <mark>This will require the implementation of smart cities and even automated regulatory control through smart laws<\/mark>.&nbsp;Finally, in the long term, <strong>data must serve the environment rather than serve itself in its resources.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Feature photo credit: urbans78 \u2013&nbsp;<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/stock.adobe.com\/\"><em>stock.adobe.com<\/em><\/a><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The exponential increase in data flows, and amount of energy consumed, makes radical changes necessary and urgent in companies and society as a whole. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2007,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[37,27],"class_list":["post-2006","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tomorrow-choices","tag-sustainability","tag-tech","category-14","description-off"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.5 - 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